Quick notes
- Buffalo sage, native to the western United States and Canada, is a low-growing, mounding perennial that typically reaches a height of 12-18 inches.
- Buffalo sage thrives in full sun to partial shade, making it adaptable to a variety of garden settings.
- While buffalo sage is not a heavy feeder, you can give it a boost with a light application of balanced fertilizer in the early spring.
The allure of buffalo sage (Artemisia frigida) lies in its captivating silvery-green foliage and its ability to attract beneficial insects while repelling pests. This hardy, drought-tolerant perennial is a true gem for any garden, adding texture and visual interest to borders, rock gardens, and even containers. But knowing how to grow buffalo sage is key to unlocking its full potential. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the process, from selecting the right location to harvesting its aromatic leaves.
Understanding Buffalo Sage: A Closer Look
Buffalo sage, native to the western United States and Canada, is a low-growing, mounding perennial that typically reaches a height of 12-18 inches. Its silvery-green, finely-divided leaves are highly aromatic, releasing a pungent, camphoraceous scent when crushed. This fragrance is what attracts beneficial insects like ladybugs and lacewings, which help control garden pests.
Choosing the Perfect Spot for Your Buffalo Sage
Buffalo sage thrives in full sun to partial shade, making it adaptable to a variety of garden settings. It prefers well-drained soil, but is surprisingly tolerant of poor, sandy soils. Avoid planting in areas with heavy clay or consistently wet conditions, as this can lead to root rot.
Planting Your Buffalo Sage
The best time to plant buffalo sage is in the spring or fall. When planting, space your plants 12-18 inches apart. Dig a hole slightly larger than the root ball and gently loosen the roots. Backfill the hole with soil, ensuring the crown of the plant is at or slightly above ground level. Water thoroughly after planting.
Watering and Feeding Your Buffalo Sage
Buffalo sage is drought-tolerant once established, but it does need regular watering during its first year to help it develop a strong root system. Water deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between waterings.
While buffalo sage is not a heavy feeder, you can give it a boost with a light application of balanced fertilizer in the early spring. Avoid using high-nitrogen fertilizers, as this can encourage excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowering.
The Art of Pruning Buffalo Sage
Pruning buffalo sage is essential for maintaining its shape and encouraging healthy growth. You can prune it back in the spring after the last frost to remove any winter-killed foliage. You can also prune it lightly throughout the growing season to keep it compact and encourage bushier growth.
Harvesting Buffalo Sage for Culinary and Medicinal Uses
Buffalo sage’s aromatic leaves can be harvested throughout the growing season. Cut the stems just above a set of leaves, leaving at least a third of the plant intact. You can use the leaves fresh or dry them for later use.
The leaves have a pleasant, slightly bitter flavor and can be used to flavor dishes, teas, and even homemade soaps. They are also known for their medicinal properties, being traditionally used to treat a variety of ailments.
The Beauty of Buffalo Sage in Your Garden
Buffalo sage’s silvery-green foliage adds a unique texture and visual interest to any garden. It is a perfect companion plant for other drought-tolerant perennials, such as lavender, yarrow, and coneflowers. Its compact size and mounding habit make it ideal for borders, rock gardens, and even container plantings.
Protecting Your Buffalo Sage from Pests and Diseases
Buffalo sage is generally resistant to pests and diseases. However, it can be susceptible to aphids and spider mites. If you notice any pests, you can control them with a strong spray of water or by introducing beneficial insects to your garden.
Winter Care for Your Buffalo Sage
Buffalo sage is hardy to USDA zones 3-8 and can tolerate cold temperatures. However, in areas with harsh winters, you may want to mulch around the base of the plant to protect it from frost heave.
The End of the Journey: Enjoying Your Buffalo Sage
Growing buffalo sage is a rewarding experience. This hardy, low-maintenance perennial offers a unique beauty, attracts beneficial insects, and provides culinary and medicinal benefits. By following these tips, you can enjoy the many benefits of this fascinating plant for years to come.
What You Need to Know
Q: Can I start buffalo sage from seed?
A: Yes, you can start buffalo sage from seed. However, it can be challenging to germinate the seeds, and it is often easier to purchase started plants.
Q: How do I dry buffalo sage leaves?
A: To dry buffalo sage leaves, tie them together in small bundles and hang them upside down in a cool, dry, dark place. Once the leaves are completely dry, you can crumble them and store them in airtight containers.
Q: Is buffalo sage poisonous to pets?
A: Buffalo sage is generally considered non-toxic to pets. However, it is always best to consult with your veterinarian if you have any concerns.
Q: How do I propagate buffalo sage?
A: Buffalo sage can be propagated by division in the spring or fall. Simply dig up the plant and carefully separate the roots into smaller clumps. Replant the divisions in a new location.
Q: What are some other uses for buffalo sage?
A: In addition to its culinary and medicinal uses, buffalo sage can also be used to make natural dyes, perfumes, and incense.
