Main points
- It should be done as soon as the first asparagus spears emerge from the soil, typically in late spring.
- Feed your asparagus plants with a balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 formula, in early spring before the spears emerge.
- Blanch the harvested spears in boiling water for a few minutes, then shock them in ice water to stop the cooking process.
Asparagus, a spring delicacy prized for its delicate flavor and nutritional benefits, comes in two distinct varieties: green and white. While green asparagus is widely cultivated, white asparagus, with its unique flavor and creamy texture, remains a culinary enigma for many. But fear not, aspiring gardeners! This comprehensive guide will unravel the secrets of how to grow asparagus white, empowering you to cultivate this culinary treasure in your own backyard.
Understanding the Difference: Green vs. White Asparagus
The key to understanding how to grow white asparagus lies in understanding its unique growing conditions. Unlike green asparagus, which emerges from the soil and turns green through exposure to sunlight, white asparagus is grown entirely underground. This absence of sunlight prevents chlorophyll production, resulting in its characteristic ivory color and subtle, sweet flavor.
The Art of Hilling: Creating the Perfect Environment
The foundation of successful white asparagus cultivation lies in the practice of “hilling.” This technique involves carefully covering the emerging spears with soil, effectively blocking sunlight and promoting the development of white asparagus.
Timing is Everything: When to Hill
The timing of hilling is crucial. It should be done as soon as the first asparagus spears emerge from the soil, typically in late spring. The soil should be moist but not soggy, and the hilling process should be done gently to avoid damaging the tender spears.
The Right Soil: Ensuring Optimal Growth
White asparagus thrives in well-drained, fertile soil. Sandy loam with a pH of 6.5 to 7.0 is ideal. Before planting, incorporate generous amounts of organic matter, such as compost or well-rotted manure, to improve soil structure and fertility.
Planting Your Asparagus Crowns: A Foundation for Success
Planting asparagus crowns is the starting point for your white asparagus journey. Choose healthy, vigorous crowns from a reputable supplier. Here’s a step-by-step guide:
1. Prepare the Planting Bed: Dig a trench 12 inches deep and 18 inches wide.
2. Amend the Soil: Mix in compost or manure to enrich the soil.
3. Space the Crowns: Place the crowns 18 inches apart in the trench.
4. Cover with Soil: Gently cover the crowns with soil, leaving 2-3 inches of soil above the crown.
5. Water Thoroughly: Water deeply to settle the soil around the crowns.
Nurturing Your Asparagus: Essential Care Tips
Once your asparagus crowns are planted, proper care is essential for their growth and productivity.
Watering: Keeping the Soil Moist
White asparagus requires consistent moisture, especially during the growing season. Water deeply and regularly, ensuring the soil remains moist but not waterlogged.
Fertilizing: Providing Essential Nutrients
Feed your asparagus plants with a balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 formula, in early spring before the spears emerge. You can also use a slow-release fertilizer to provide sustained nutrient release throughout the growing season.
Weed Control: Keeping the Competition at Bay
Regularly remove weeds from around your asparagus plants. Weeds compete for nutrients, water, and sunlight, hindering the growth of your asparagus.
Harvesting Your White Asparagus: A Culinary Delight
Harvesting white asparagus is a delicate process that requires patience and care.
Timing is Key: When to Harvest
The optimal harvesting period for white asparagus is typically from late spring to early summer. The spears should be about 6-8 inches long and firm to the touch.
Gentle Harvesting: Preserving the Plant
Use a sharp knife or garden shears to cut the spears just below the soil level. Avoid pulling or twisting the spears, as this can damage the plant.
Harvesting Technique: Maximizing Yields
Harvest only the largest spears, leaving the smaller ones to develop further. This practice promotes healthy growth and ensures continuous production.
Extending the Season: Enjoying White Asparagus Year-Round
While white asparagus is a seasonal treat, you can extend its availability by using various preservation methods.
Freezing: Preserving Flavor and Texture
Blanch the harvested spears in boiling water for a few minutes, then shock them in ice water to stop the cooking process. Freeze the blanched asparagus in airtight containers or freezer bags.
Canning: A Long-Lasting Option
Canning white asparagus allows you to enjoy its flavor and texture for an extended period. Follow a reliable canning recipe to ensure safety and quality.
Pickling: A Tangy Twist
Pickling white asparagus adds a tangy twist to its flavor profile. Choose a pickling recipe that suits your taste preferences and follow the instructions carefully.
Beyond the Plate: The Beauty of White Asparagus
White asparagus isn’t just a culinary delight; it also adds a touch of elegance to your garden landscape. Its striking ivory color and graceful form create a unique visual appeal.
Architectural Elegance: A Focal Point in Your Garden
Plant white asparagus in rows or clusters to create a visually appealing focal point in your garden. Its upright growth habit adds vertical interest to your landscape.
Companion Planting: Enhancing Growth
Consider companion planting white asparagus with other vegetables or herbs that benefit from its presence. For example, planting marigolds or onions nearby may deter pests and improve soil health.
A Final Word: Embracing the Challenge
Cultivating white asparagus may seem daunting, but with careful planning and consistent care, you can successfully grow this culinary treasure. Embrace the challenge, and you’ll be rewarded with a unique and delicious addition to your garden and your kitchen.
Top Questions Asked
Q: How long does it take for white asparagus to mature?
A: White asparagus takes 3-4 years to reach maturity and produce a substantial harvest.
Q: Can I grow white asparagus in containers?
A: While possible, growing white asparagus in containers is challenging due to the need for hilling and the plant’s extensive root system.
Q: What are the pests and diseases that affect white asparagus?
A: Common pests include asparagus beetles and aphids. Diseases include asparagus rust and fusarium wilt.
Q: Can I eat the white asparagus spears that I have hilled?
A: Yes, you can eat the hilled spears. They will be white and have a tender texture. However, they may be slightly thinner than un-hilled spears.
Q: How long can I harvest white asparagus from the same plant?
A: White asparagus plants can produce for 10-15 years with proper care.
